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Utopia

vonzastrowc's picture

According to Joel Shatzky, this is how your garden-variety public school 9th-grader wrote in the 1950s and 60s:

Color is rampant and the woodlands and countryside are ablaze with every hue of the spectrum; lemon yellow, bright saffron, tawny orange, lively russet, flaming scarlet, brilliant magenta, deep crimson, and rich purple…. With such a prelude it is no wonder that the contrast of the weird subterranean world of the Caverns strikes one with tremendous impact.... Instead of the sparkling sunlight there is a Stygian darkness pierced by colored lights.” -- Ninth grader, Crestonian, Creston JHS,1957 (SP class)

That's a far cry from the digital grunts we get from today's students, Shatzky tells us.

I'm sorry, but I'm just not buying it. Not even for a minute. How many high school freshmen actually wrote that way as a matter of course? And what happened to all those splendid writers after they graduated from high school? I worry that this talk of a golden age can actually do damage.

It sure is alluring, though, and has been for a long, long time. In the 1950s, the Council for Basic Education published a book of essays on the sorry state of U.S. schools. (The authors clearly did not share Shatzky's admiration for the writing students were doing 60 years ago.) One essay writer claimed that his public high school in the 1910's had produced far better students than the debased "modern" schools were producing in the '50s. Another writer, a Harvard literature professor, complained that his students were illiterate, far inferior to the students who populated colleges in the '20s.

Some of those illiterates from the '50s became my professors in the '80s and '90s, and they in turn deplored the declining standards that had produced a generation as unaccomplished as mine. And when my peers and I started teaching, we often told each other that we found our students very disappointing, indeed.

We can trace this line of argument back for centuries. If we're to believe all these complaints, then we've been in decline as long as we've been in motion.

There was no golden age in schools. There was no time when most high school students could comfortably deploy images like "lively russet" and "Stygian darkness." The reality is that the expectations we profess for all our high school students are higher than they have ever been. But we are not doing a great job of helping all our students--especially poor students and students of color--meet those expectations. We never have. We can't reach back to some Utopian past when we did everything right. If only it were so easy. The solutions lie ahead of us, not behind us.

That said, current conditions are hardly right for an efflorescence of good writing in high schools. A system geared to multiple choice tests won't produce good writers. Robert Pondiscio notes that "research papers have become endangered species" and worries that, in the internet age, "the depth, complexity and vocabulary of what [students are] reading is not particularly good or challenging." Our task is to get many more students reading much better writing--and writing much longer, more substantive papers.

But let's lose the misty-eyed sentimentalism. We have never, never managed to achieve both excellence and equity.

(Hat Tip to the lively, insightful and always wonderfully-written Core Knowledge blog.)

A final question: How many of you (who are over the age of 50) wrote like Shatzky's 9th grader when you were 14? How many of your friends did? Be honest.


I actually find that most of

I actually find that most of my students are what I would consider competent writers for their age, and a significant percentage are quite good. Just about every time I give a writing assignment, I get a few back that pleasantly surprise me with their sophistication. I've been telling friends and family about a short story a student of mine recently wrote because I still can't believe that an eighth grader came up with something so deep.

As a member of that august

As a member of that august group of citizens who graduated from high school in the 1960's, I can say that I did not write as well as that. I can't speak for my friends.

But I think that today's high school students write much worse that we did. I often have to edit or rewrite things my younger colleagues write, because they lack clarity, focus, or even standard sentence structure.

Bear in mind that most

Bear in mind that most students who couldn't write like that didn't stay in high school for very long, if at all. High school wasn't for everyone back then. Only the cream of the crop went on to "high" after 8th grade graduation. It was a big deal.

There's a big trunk in Mom's attic that's full of old letters; based on that, high school kids back in the day (turn of the century) did indeed write like that.

My college students, on the other hand, write like third graders; they can't spell, and wouldn't know a subject/verb if it bit them on the. . . .well, I'd best stop now or I'll have a stroke. Sigh.

I didn't make ninth grade

I didn't make ninth grade until the early '60s, but I doubt that sample was typical in the post-war classroom. I'm pretty sure nobody in my high school used one as a personal pronoun.

I suspect that if there were such splendid writers in the '50s they did the same things most of our splendid student writers do today: they became accountants, or morticians, or cosmetologists.

Mamacita--I've also come

Mamacita--I've also come across a cache of old letters--this one from the late '20s--and it suggests that students were both better and worse. If those letters are any guide, the writing was more formal but also a bit prolix. Then as now, the grammar was indifferent, and the punctuation impressionistic.

The students who published in the school paper, from which Shatzky draws his examples, were probably the students who wrote best. Those students still exist. (Ask my wife, the high school English teacher, or Miss Eyre, who seems to have some good writers.)

It's also fair to remember, as you do, that many students were simply left out of the equation in the '50s--and that didn't worry people all that much. You could be a pretty lousy writer, mathematician, and who knows what else--and still make a decent living.

Linda--It may be that those splendid writers occupy all walks of life. But I've encountered many bad writers who went through school in the '50s and '60s as well.

Claus, I do not disagree with

Claus, I do not disagree with your point that there were many poor writers in the '50s and '60s. As you yourself said, poor writers are always with us.

However, your original post implied that if someone was a good writer in school in the '50s we'd have heard of that person. I don't believe that was the case then, and it certainly isn't the case today. I've written for newspapers, magazines, journals and written/edited a dozen books; did you ever hear of me?

I don't want to belabor the point, but I think emphasis on "good writing" (usually represented by fiction)discourages students from believing that they could learn to write competently. A good 75% of the first year college students in my composition classes believe writing is an art that only a few rare, talented people can acquire. If you think that you cannot do something, you do not try.

I'd suggest that teachers should shift their focus from "good writing" to a discussion what constitutes "good enough" writing and how to bring all students up to that level of competence.

Linda, I think my own writing

Linda, I think my own writing was unclear. (Proof of Shatzky's argument, perhaps?) I didn't mean to suggest that all good high school writers should have risen to great renown. There may indeed be many "mute inglorious Miltons" laboring in any number of professions that won't win them any fame. Instead, I was questioning Shatzky's suggestion that the writing samples he provided were "typical." If they were typical, then Americans above the age of, say, 55 would typically write very well. Alas, that has not been my experience. 

I can understand the need to acquaint students with writing that is "good enough," but do you worry that they might lose some of their inspiration to write very well? If we can teach them to love to read good writing--and many current cultural influences don't necessarily instill that love--could we inspire them to emulate that kind of writing? 

I'm asking these questions cautiously, because I want to defer to your experience. I used to teach writing to college-level students, but I think I was less successful than I should have been with students who didn't seem motivated to read really substantial stuff or improve their writing. 

Ah, now I see we're on the

Ah, now I see we're on the same page.

People often question me when I talk about teaching for competence or "good enough" writing, though most are not so polite as you.

Maybe other people's students are inspired to write well, but mine aren't. I've never had an English major in any of my classes. I've had one student who "loved to write" who lasted a whole semester. The bulk of my students say they don't like writing, don't think they do it well, and aspire only to write just well enough that people won't laugh at them. I set my class objectives to within the capability of those students.

I believe that (1) I'm paid to teach all students to become competent writers and (2) that nobody gets to be a good or great writer without having been a competent writer first.

My goal is to bring every student to what I call C-level: competent enough to get by in the writing situations they will typically encounter in school and work. If I can get every student up to competence, most of them will become better-than-competent writers with practice, even without any more teaching.

Until students are competent writers they have limited ability to read good writing, let alone desire to read. My students become better readers because training in writing makes explicit the patterns that the poor reader couldn't see because s/he didn't know where to look.

Have just about finished Mr.

Have just about finished Mr. Bauerlein's book myself. I'm also sceptical about the statistical premise, but concerned by the conclusions. Although, Mr. B seems like he could use a good dose of John Taylor Gatto!

The idea of "good enough" is intriguing, and sounds something like what we had in high school (Class of '69): different "tracks." I suppose these are now gone, in the service of equalitarianism? Do many schools still have enriched programs?

Perhaps an at least partial solution to the problem of providing competence to all and inspiration to some would be more magnet schools for the arts, sciences, etc.? It seemed to me even back when a teenager that a decent competence should have been possible with five or six years of year-round grade school. After that, let parents and kids try out different curricula at different schools.

Or does this just put the problem of "better or worse than" at another remove?

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