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Do Traditional Public Schools Suffer from a Double Standard?

vonzastrowc's picture

In education policy circles, we have to come to grips with some of our double standards. Mike Petrilli illustrated two of these double standards in a recent blog posting.

He openly identified only one of them. Can we forgive charter middle schools for lowering test scores of students who are not on free and reduced-price lunch, he asks? We're not as kind to public schools that serve poor children. "Middle class" charter schools tend to be progressive, so they don't focus on the tests, he writes. That, Petrilli speculates, is why middle class charter middle schools seemed to do worse than regular public schools. Middle class kids "will probably do fine" even with the lower scores, he asserts.

Petrilli is no ideologue. He asks whether his double standard will "end up hurting poor kids, who are forced into 'testing factories' while their middle class counterparts get to 'learn while doing'?" But in the end he's not too worried about the apparent dip in middle class scores.

Petrilli makes very valid points in his characteristically thoughtful and engaging way. Yet I see another double standard in his question. Would regular public schools serving the middle class enjoy the same indulgence charter schools do? Would he and his colleagues give regular public schools that favor progressive methods the same free pass on test scores? (Petrilli's employer, the Fordham Foundation, has not been very kind to progressive educators in the past.)

Petrilli's posting reminds us that the charter movement is not some monolithic force. In recent media portrayals, charters come across as schools that strive to lift student achievement, and test scores are simply the coin of that realm. No excuses! But I often come across people who support charters first and foremost because they offer choices. Parents are pursuing the education they want for their children, they say, so the test scores aren't really what matters.

So back to the second double standard : I'm not sure pundits and the media would tolerate the same sort of ambiguity from boosters of regular public schools. (Am I wrong?) People in middle class public schools who say there's more to learning than test scores are often met with exasperated sighs. This is not merely a question of fairness. We have to get a handle on how we define and measure success, and we can't forever apply different standards to different schools.

Now back to Petrilli's double standard: Are we consigning poor kids to drill and kill while their wealthier peers get the kinds of enrichment that give them a leg up in life? And can we avoid that problem? That question is critical, and it has no easy answers. We need more people to ask it--and more often.


If you follow the arguments

If you follow the arguments laid forth by a guy like E.D. Hirsch, Petrilli's standard actually makes a lot of sense. It's the basic content knowledge gained in the home and in the community that middle class students can tap into in order to make something out of these "kinds of enrichment". When we assume that this content is being received somewhere else and it isn't, as is the case in many poor and/or urban communities, we end up teaching nothing.

I'm not sure if that's right, but I think that this post either ignores or brushes away that argument. We have materially different populations and though we may want to treat the those at-risk kids the same way we treat the suburban middle class, equal treatment may be the road to inequality.

For whatever reason, I think it's important that we don't start believing that any one way of teaching works for all kids in all scenarios. To get everyone on the same field playing their best, we probably need totally different routines. It's the same standard, but we may need different methods and different metrics to properly assess different people.

What's critical is that we get it right for all populations.

Thanks for your note, J

Thanks for your note, J Becker. I don't intend to brush away that argument. It may be that I bit off more than I could chew in this post and was therefore less clear than I should have been. 

I've always found Hirsch's arguments about content knowledge very compelling. But I don't there's much evidence that the kinds of strategies that drive up test scores in middle school math and reading necessarily build the kinds of content knowledge so important to the Core Knowledge sequence. The fact that poor students in charters have no leg up in reading suggests in fact that they face many of the same disadvantages their peers in regular public schools do. They can learn decoding quite well, but when it comes time to interpret more complex texts that assume background knowledge, the deficits grow clearer.

My post attempts to support Petrilli's central question: Should we be satisfied with a system that gives lower-income students much more focus on tested skills while wealthier kids get much more? It may be necessary to do that to build that critical foundation of basic skills in our most vulnerable children, but I don't think we should abandon a richer vision of education for all children down the road. This is a very tough question.

"Should we be satisfied with

"Should we be satisfied with a system that gives lower-income students much more focus on tested skills while wealthier kids get much more?"

Of course not, but we do, and it has nothing to do with charters. For the most part, middle class kids go to schools that do well on NCLB tests, so they can afford the luxury of enrichment. It's the schools attended by poor kids that are under most pressure to raise test scores. The Obama administration's "Blueprint" codifies this abomination by explicitly taking pressure off schools with scores in the upper 95% or so. The bottom 5% or so are ghetto or poor rural area schools, of course.

The justification for this (to the extent that there is any) is that students need to at least master basic skills before moving onto exotica. That may be true, but let's not deceive ourselves into thinking that this will close achievement gaps.

It's probably the higher performing ghetto kids -- who would do well with enriched offerings, but get stuck in a test prep factory -- who suffer the most.

If you think of students

If you think of students first, it isn't a problem. I think a large comprehensive school can provide appropriate curriculum for the needs of both populations.

Charter school advocates are trying to keep themselves relevant, but there is no reason to leave charters in a central position when we discuss reform. There is nothing structural a charter brings to the table that addresses the problem. On the contrary.

Strangely, Fordham doesn't count Singapore Math standards as high quality compared to the Common Core (MA gets a B+, how disappointing.) when I look at their current front page. Are they on crack? At least they aren't ideologues. ;-)

I’m not completely sure of

I’m not completely sure of the traditional public schools suffer from a double standard but I do think we certainly need to listen more carefully what Petrilli said. I also believe that some of it actually makes sense. Hopefully some of these questions will be answered.

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