Can "Bad" Schools Teach Us Good Things?

Here's a message that rings out loud and clear in the current debate on school reform: If we can learn anything from struggling schools, it's what not to do. Those schools teach lessons about indifference, fecklessness and bull-headed resistance to change. It's best to wipe the slate very, very clean.
That is a counter-productive view of things. Struggling schools may be doing some things quite well, things that could anchor or enhance future turnaround strategies. More successful schools may be doing some things quite badly, and we can learn from their shortcomings. But our ideologies compel us to draw a thick, dark line between success and failure, which blinds us to the richer lessons we could be drawing from our experience.
Can "Bad" Schools Do Good Things?
We see ample evidence of this in current debates over school reform. When officials prepared to purge Central Falls High School in Rhode Island of its staff, they cited the school's very low math scores. Others noted swift gains in reading and writing scores. Even if the school needs a major overhaul, it seems unwise to ignore these gains or--worse--kill their momentum.
President Obama unwittingly called attention to the porous border between success and failure when he condemned Central Falls and praised another school--the Met--in almost the same breath. It turns out that the Met's math results were even worse than results in Central Falls.
Feinstein High School in Providence offers another instructive example. Feinstein, which is slated for closure, has low but rising scores, and its college enrollment and retention rates are among the highest in the city. (Hat tip to Tom Hoffman). It may be that the bad outweighed the good at Feinstein--I'm no expert in the matter--but should we really wipe Feinstein's slate totally clean?
A similar dynamic is at work in the big dust-up over the Stanford New Schools Charter, which is on the chopping block. Critics note that the high school has very low test scores. Supporters counter that it has strong rates of graduation and college acceptance. Dan Willingham accuses both of "confirmation bias": "a tendency to (1) seek out evidence that confirms your beliefs and (2) interpret ambiguous evidence so that it confirms your beliefs."
Your reaction to the charter's closing (triumph? outrage?) may say as much about your biases as it does about the charter itself. Those biases certainly make it all the harder to learn from the charter's successes or failures.
Can "Good" Schools Teach Us Through Their Failures?
And let's not forget that good schools can teach us through their failures. Take the charter school sector in New York City as an example. Some of the best charter schools struggle with student attrition. A new analysis of the city's charters suggests that they retain a smaller share of their students than the city's traditional public schools do.* Attrition at some of the city's KIPP Academies seems particularly high, raising questions about how schools can balance a "no excuses" philosophy with strategies for keeping as many children as possible in the program.** (Some New York Charters seem to have very low attrition. What are they doing differently?)
Unfortunately, debates about charters and turnaround strategies have become so heated, so political, that we're likely to throw out all kinds of babies with our dirty bathwater. We're just as likely to overlook some warts that need attending to.
That won't do us any good in the long run.
* Lest I get accused of "confirmation bias" for calling out the data on charter school attrition, let me say that these data are far from perfect, and that we should treat them with caution. Still, the question of attrition in some of the most famous charter schools keeps coming up. Rather than using it as a club to beat the charter sector with, we can learn from it.
** Update 4/29/2010: My preliminary conclusions about attrition from the KIPP schools were apparently quite shaky. The person who compiled the data noted that "because the 4 KIPP schools were trying to transition from 8th grade to 9th grade, their attrition was high due to the fact that many of their students may have applied, and been accepted to, more well-known high schools in NYC. In fact, every single charter school for whom the 8th/9th grade years were studied had higher attrition due to this fact." Her posting suggested that, overall, NYC charters have lower student retention numbers that city schools as a whole, but she offered her data with caution.
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We can also learn about
We can also learn about nations the same way. Finland is widely regarded as having the best school system in the world with few, if any, "failing schools." They also invest a huge percentage of their GDP in education. They have cradle to grave health care and absolutely seamless social services. Everyone would like to have Finland's test scores just skip all the pesky socialism.
What's the lesson there?
"Those "nations" (The US-or CA- for example with so many "failing" schools and struggling communities) teach lessons about indifference, fecklessness and bull-headed resistance to change. It's best to wipe the slate very, very clean.
"
I like the Finnish idea of
I like the Finnish idea of nixing preschool and starting formal education at age 7, but comparing Finland to the US is hardly an apples-to-apples sort of thing. When 10 million illegal Mexicans swarm into Finland and demand free education and healthcare, and Finland is able to deliver all this AND police the entire world and hand out billions of bucks to other nations, that would be a more realistic comparison.
Have you seen the John Stossel education documentary where he blasts US public education? He features Finnish kids who kick American butt on some sort of international test in the video calling Americans "stupid" and other pejoratives.
On another note, test scores are NOT the sole determiner of which schools close. NOBODY with a brain in his head would move into the Kansas City Public School District area without a good idea of homeschooling or some extra money to enroll his kid in a private school. Consequently, public schools are closing.
It's been a long time coming.
Gary--Finland is certainly a
Gary--Finland is certainly a different case from ours, and the comparisons with teh U.S. can become tiresome given the different environments we face. You're right--we love everything abuot high-performing nations except their socialism. That said, Finland can teach us some important lessons about how to address the needs of struggling students--something they do very well.
Mrs. C--We live in a country that is more than happy to reap the economic benefits of illegal immigration in good times and then decry its effects in lean times. But great teachers and their colleagues in schools will cherish every child, see every child's potential, regardless of where that child comes from or what their perspectives on immigration policy might be. That's a credit to great schools.
As for Stossel, I saw his piece, which was far off the mark. Even strong supporters of free school choice couldn't come to its defense. CBS shouldn't have run it as if it were some kind of informative piece, because it was a broad-brush advocacy piece riddled with errors of logic and fact.
Finally, it's not just schools that are driving populations out of some urban centers. It's lack of opportunity, crime and a whole host of social issues that affect children, families and schools. Public schools can help anchor communities, but there's a whole lot more to neighborhood development than that.
Hi Claus - Thanks for the
Hi Claus -
Thanks for the link! I'd just like to point out that, as I mentioned in my post, the attrition numbers for the four KIPP schools in 2008-2009 look artificially high because of the way the statistics are gathered. Stability looks at the number of students currently enrolled in the highest grade in the school who were also enrolled in the school last year. Because the 4 KIPP schools were trying to transition from 8th grade to 9th grade, their attrition was high due to the fact that many of their students may have applied, and been accepted to, more well-known high schools in NYC. In fact, every single charter school for whom the 8th/9th grade years were studied had higher attrition due to this fact. If you look at KIPP's number in 2007-2008 (data that is available in my spreadsheet) you'll see that their attrition numbers were far lower. Just thought I'd point that out - apologies if I wasn't clear about that in my post. Thanks again for your insight!
All best,
Kim
Kim, thank you for the
Kim, thank you for the clarification. I'll post an update. As I reviewed your posting, I noticed that you had already offered this explanation.
Claus, we DO have drug gangs
Claus, we DO have drug gangs coming in from Mexico, and we DO have a system that is overwhelmed by massive immigration from that area. Finland is hardly dealing with all that on the same scale, was my material point. I have a feeling that the "benefits" of illegal immigration are felt more by some people than others and CERTAINLY are not felt by the people in the inner cities educators claim to champion but... we can chat about that in another post. :)
One other example worth
One other example worth noting - an EdSector report out earlier this spring compared two Florida high schools. One of them had an A on the state report card and placed in the Newsweek top 100, the other had a D on the state report card. However, the graduates of the "D" school were outperforming graduates of the "A" school in college (w/ higher grades and greater chance of continuing beyond 1 year). Which school is better? It's kind of silly to try to answer that question. Maybe if we asked, "Better at what?"
Thanks, David--I think that
Thanks, David--I think that was a very fine report by Chad Aldeman. Very illuminating look at school quality.
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